History and geography of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park sits atop one of the most geologically active regions on Earth, shaped continuously by the forces of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, two of the world’s most powerful volcanoes. Its volcanic landscape has been forming for hundreds of thousands of years, with new land still being created through ongoing eruptions and lava flows that reshape the terrain.
The area has deep cultural roots in Native Hawaiian traditions, where the volcanoes are tied to Pele, the goddess of fire. Ancient trails, archaeological sites, and stories passed through generations reflect the Hawaiian connection to the land. Established as a national park in 1916, it preserves both these cultural treasures and the vast volcanic ecosystem that stretches from sea level to over 13,000 feet.