About Pearl Harbor | History & Highlights

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Attack on Pearl Harbor | A brief history

On December 7, 1941, just before 8am, Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The strike involved over 350 Japanese aircraft targeting battleships, airfields, and naval facilities in a devastating assault that lasted less than two hours.

The attack sank or heavily damaged eight battleships, including the USS Arizona, and destroyed nearly 200 U.S. aircraft on the ground. More than 2,400 Americans were killed, with over 1,000 wounded. The USS Arizona suffered the heaviest loss when a bomb ignited its ammunition magazine, causing a massive explosion that sank the ship with 1,177 crew members aboard.

Japan aimed to cripple America’s Pacific Fleet, giving it free rein to expand across Asia and the Pacific. Instead, the attack united the American people, and on December 8, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan, officially entering World War II.

Today, Pearl Harbor is remembered as a turning point in history, with memorials like the USS Arizona serving as solemn reminders of the lives lost and the resilience that followed.

Pearl Harbor today

Pearl Harbor is both a modern military hub and a place of remembrance. It remains the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, supporting submarines, destroyers, and aircraft carriers that safeguard the Pacific. At the same time, it’s a national memorial site, attracting over 1.5 million visitors annually. The harbor still holds the sunken USS Arizona, where more than 900 crew members rest, and the “black tears” of oil continue to rise to the surface as a silent reminder. Surrounding museums and memorials, like the Battleship Missouri and Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum, ensure that history stays connected to the present.

Frequently asked questions about Pearl Harbor

Why is Pearl Harbor historically important?

Pearl Harbor was the site of the December 7, 1941 attack that led the United States into World War II. It stands as both a military landmark and a place of remembrance for the lives lost and the pivotal shift it caused in world history.

What can I learn about the history during my visit?

You’ll explore exhibits, memorials, and museums that cover the events of the attack, personal stories of servicemen, and the broader context of WWII in the Pacific. Authentic artifacts, restored aircraft, and real ships bring history to life.

Is the USS Arizona Memorial part of the visit?

Yes. The USS Arizona Memorial is the centerpiece of Pearl Harbor. Visitors take a Navy boat to the site and can view the sunken battleship beneath the water, honoring the 1,177 sailors and Marines who perished.

What are the main highlights I shouldn’t miss?

Don’t miss the USS Arizona Memorial, Battleship Missouri (“Mighty Mo”), USS Bowfin Submarine Museum, and Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum. Each site tells a unique chapter of the story, from the start of the war to its conclusion.

Can I visit all the attractions in one day?

It’s possible, but it can feel rushed. Most visitors recommend dedicating a full day to exploring all four major sites thoroughly, especially if you want to see exhibits, films, and museums without skipping details.

How many people visit Pearl Harbor every year?

Pearl Harbor welcomes more than 1.5 million visitors annually, making it one of the most visited historic sites in Hawaii and a powerful reminder of America’s WWII history.

Why is the USS Arizona Memorial built over the ship rather than raising it?

The ship remains a war grave, holding the entombed crew. Leaving it in place preserves its integrity as a solemn resting place and symbol of sacrifice.

Is oil still leaking from the USS Arizona?

Yes. Small amounts of oil, often called the “Black Tears of the Arizona,” still seep from the wreckage, serving as a haunting reminder of the past

Is Pearl Harbor still an active military base?

Yes. Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam remains a major U.S. naval and air force installation while also serving as a historic site open to the public.

Is food allowed inside Pearl Harbor?

Outside food and drinks (except bottled water) are not allowed at memorial sites. However, there are cafés and snack bars on-site.

Are the tours kid-friendly?

Yes, but parents should prepare children for the solemn nature of certain memorials. Interactive exhibits like the Aviation Museum are especially engaging for families.